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The Socratic method

Spot the hidden step

"What's being taken for granted here?"

Socratic, sharpened by modern work · modern argument analysis

Many arguments skip a step that has to be true for them to work. Say the missing step out loud and check it.

Socrates refutes people using premises they themselves agree to, surfacing beliefs they hadn't connected (see the Euthyphro 8a card).

Stephen Toulmin (1958) named the unstated 'warrant' that links evidence to a conclusion. Naming the hidden step is a sharper, everyday version of what Socrates does by getting agreement to each premise.

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